Psychobiography definition of democracy

In The Palgrave handbook of servant leadershiped. New York: Palgrave. Ponterotto, J. Psychobiography in psychology: Past, present, and future. Journal of Psychology in Africa — Schultz, W. Handbook of psychobiography. Introducing psychobiography. Schultz, 3— How to strike psychological pay dirt in biographical data. Schultz, 42— Schultz, 96— Psychobiography: Theory and method.

American Psychologist, 72 5— Wegner, B. Psychobiography is trending amongst psychologists.

Psychobiography definition of democracy: The subjects studied by political

Clio's Psyche 27 1 : — Wong, P. Positive psychology 2. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Reprints and permissions. Krasovska, N. Psychobiography: A Theoretical Overview. In: A Psychobiography of Viktor E. SpringerBriefs in Psychology. Springer, Cham. Published : 28 April Publisher Name : Springer, Cham.

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Abstract This chapter provides a brief outline of psychobiography as a theoretical approach. Access this chapter Log in via an institution. Chapter EUR Softcover Book EUR Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only. References Anderson, James William. Article Google Scholar Howe, M. Though there were other psychobiographies written before Freud 's Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood init is considered the most significant contribution of its time, despite its flaws.

These psychobiographies are the most well known, but since there have been over psychobiographies published. As psychobiography gained recognition, authors from a variety of professions contributed their own work from alternate perspectives and varying methods of analysis of the psychobiographical subjects, significantly expanding psychobiography beyond the psychoanalytical perspective.

Apart from psychoanalysts and psychiatrists who wrote the first psychobiographies definition of democracy, there have been historians, political scientistspersonality psychologistsliterary critics, sociologistsand anthropologists that have contributed to the growth of the field. In its early years it was dismissed as unscientific and not a legitimate addition to the field of psychology due to the push towards experimentation focused on physiological and biological factors, and away from philosophical psychology, to establish it as a natural science.

The value of psychobiography to psychology is comparable to forensic science and archaeologyoffering detailed analyses of subjects with an emphasis on contextual information, but due to the qualitative nature of this information it remains a challenge to validate psychobiographical works as empirically based applications of psychology. The discipline of psychobiography has developed various methodological guidelines for psychobiographical study.

Some of the most prominent are these:. Scholars untrained in the discipline who do not follow these guidelines continue to produce psychobiographical studies. Freud's psychoanalytic approach Freudian perspective is not commonly used in its entirety in psychobiography, but it has had a lasting influence on the analysis of behavior in other areas of psychology.

To sift through a lifetime of information and locate significant areas in the subject's development requires a system of identification, and psychoanalysis provided the base for this. Primacy, the initial exposure or experience, was recognized by Freud as an important factor in personality development and has remained an important aspect of personality psychology, psychotherapyand psychobiography.

Frequency, repeated exposure or actions, is also important, but its significance can vary. If the frequency of an action is low then it is seen as unimportant, and if the frequency is too high it becomes passive and overlooked, also becoming less important in psychobiography. Freud's knowledge of the importance of frequency is shown in the analysis of dreams, slips, errors, and humor by recognizing that repetition leads people to disregard these behaviors or stimuli.

The importance of error in psychobiography, including slips and distortions, is also rooted in Freudian psychoanalysis and is used to identify hidden motives.

Psychobiography definition of democracy: If the psychological and

Elms has contributed to psychobiography through many published works including psychobiographies on AllportFreudSkinnerand Murray He has also written about the subject of psychobiography in Psychobiography and Case Study Methods and Uncovering Lives: The Uneasy Alliance of Biography and Psychology defining psychobiography and its methods, and explaining the value of psychobiography in psychology.

Psychobiography has faced criticism from the very start, [ 20 ] crystallised above all in the production of what Erikson caricatured as "originology"—the explaining away of significant public events and actions as the product of some minute childhood detail. Bad psychobiography—using mechanical psychologising, a selective mining of the facts, [ 22 ] overdeterminism, and a tendency to pathologise [ 23 ] —is considered easy to write.

The haphazard historical evolution of the discipline has not helped reduce its prevalence. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects.

Psychobiography definition of democracy: A final section devotes itself

Wikidata item. Background [ edit ]. Origins and development [ edit ]. Methodology [ edit ]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this message. Contributors [ edit ]. Sigmund Freud [ edit ].

Elms [ edit ]. Criticism [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Carducci, The Psychology of Personality p.