Vnukata na goce delcev biography

By crossing from one to another place he established everywhere local committees of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. Here he didn't stop with the revolutionary work. His teacher's work was just a mask to all of that. Leaving the school rooms, he always was travel in the neighboring cities, where he had to put new members of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.

And after a long period the Organization started to visit the villages. The Sunday's schools for addults, the churches and monastery yards were perfect spots for spreading the network of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. Thanks to Goce, the membership of the organization started to grow up fast. By this activities the feeling of being a one nation - the Macedonian, could be felt of every heart of every Macedonian, and that is time to get the more centuries occupier, the Turks out of here.

Stay informed with the latest independent, daily Macedonian news. Contact us: editor[ ]macedoniatimes. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Facebook Twitter. Sign in. Forgot your password? Password recovery. Recover your password. Monday, January 27, Human Rights. Goce Delcev born years ago — Apostle of the Macedonian revolutionary struggle February 3, Former Zaev economic advisor: privatizing land initiative will cost us our country May 31, Heraclea Lyncestis mosaic irreversibly damaged — son of Bitola Museum director blamed May 27, Macedonian President refuses to sign controversial building permit Law May 15, All History.

He was the first to organize and lead a band into Macedonia with the purpose of robbing or kidnapping rich Turks. This activity of his had variable success. At that time Delchev was preparing to organize a detachment which, in a possible war to support the Bulgarian army by its actions in Northern Dobrujawhere a compact Bulgarian population was available.

He also led the congress of the Adrianople revolutionary district held in Plovdiv in April The inclusion of the rural areas into the organizational districts contributed to the expansion of the Organization and the increase in its membership, while providing the essential prerequisites for the formation of its military power, at the same time having Delchev as its military advisor inspector and chief of all internal revolutionary bands.

After there was a rapid growth of secret officers' brotherhoods, whose members by numbered about a thousand. For a vnukata na goce delcev biography time in the late s Bulgarian lieutenant Boris Sarafovwho was a former schoolmate of Delchev became its leader, as he was promoted as a candidate by him and Petrov. General Ivan Tsonchev and other fellow officers organized a faction against Delchev and Petrov.

They ordered the termination of all relations with it, as well as ordered all local committees to refuse any transition of any armed group which did not have a pass signed by him or Petrov, and their weapons to be seized. At the Thessaloniki Congress of Januarywhere Delchev did not participate, [ 64 ] an early uprising was debated and it was decided to stage one in May The right-wing majority was convinced that if the Organization would unleash a general uprising, Bulgaria would be provoked to declare war on the Ottoman Empire and after the subsequent intervention of the Great Powers the Ottoman Empire would collapse.

Delchev also convinced the SMARO leadership to transform its idea of a mass rising involving the civil population into a rising based on guerrilla warfare. Towards the end of MarchDelchev with his detachment destroyed the railway bridge over the Angista river, aiming to test the new guerrilla tactics. Delchev met with Gruev in late April, and they discussed the decision of starting the uprising.

After the meeting, he left for Serres, with the intention of holding a regional congress to lay out his plans for the uprising. On 28 April, the Bulgarian anarchist group Boatmen of Thessaloniki started terrorist attacks in the city. As a consequence martial law was declared in the city and many Ottoman soldiers and " bashibozouks " were concentrated in the Salonika vilayet.

This increased tension led eventually to the tracking of Delchev's cheta and his subsequent death. Following the skirmish, more than arrests were made in various districts of Serres and 1, households petitioned to return to the Patriarchate. The Bulgarian government later granted a pension to their father Nikola, because of the contribution of his sons to the freedom of Macedonia.

Virtually all of its pre-war 7, Bulgarian inhabitants, including Delchev's family, were expelled to Bulgaria by the Greek Army. The first biographical book about Delchev was issued in by his friend and comrade in arms, the Bulgarian poet Peyo Yavorov. The international, cosmopolitan views of Delchev could be summarized in his proverbial sentence: " I understand the world solely as a field for cultural competition among the peoples ".

Later he participated in the Internal Organization's struggle as a well-educated leader. The new supra-nationalistic statute renamed it to Secret Macedono-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Organization SMAROwhich was to be an insurgent organization, open to all Macedonians and Thracians regardless of nationality, who wished to participate in the movement for their autonomy.

Hupchickhe firmly opposed Macedonia's incorporation into Bulgaria. He thought that any intervention by Bulgaria would provoke intervention by the neighboring states as well and could result in Macedonia and Thrace being torn apart. Banned revolutionary books circulated secretly among them, especially those of socialist nature. Only the promotion of the cadets into their first rank as officers remained to be carried out.

Vnukata na goce delcev biography: Katerina Nurdzhieva 18 October

And a scandal broke out precisely in connection with this. This caused great indignation among the cadets who had completed the academy. Two sharp anonymous letters arrived at the addresses of the Minister of War and the head office of the Royal Military Academy. Levov, pseudonym of Lev Dramov. This was interpreted as an attack on military discipline.

Somewhat later Marin Peev was also arrested. He was not believed, but was arrested nevertheless, mostly owing to his socialist orientation. In fact, the event with the anonymous letters was only a pretext for settling accounts with these young people of a socialist orientation. Order No. Those who are allowed to be re-admitted into the army if they wish must first join a military unit of their own choice, where they shall present themselves for promotion to the rank of first officer.

Peju K. He felt himself free as a bird. Broad revolutionary prospects now opened before him. It is unforgivable for us, who have elevated ourselves spiritually, to suffer, to endure any longer and wait for others to liberate us. Bulgarian poet and journalist who participated in the Macedonian revolutionary movement. His companion in those "unpleasant" days in Sofia.

Here he could not find out anything definite about such activities in Macedonia, nor did he vnukata na goce delcev biography anyone who could instruct him This marked the conclusion of the third and last stage of his schooling. In the Salonika Grammar School he made this more profound and succeeded in penetrating the spheres of science, literature and socialism.

In the Military Academy the breadth of his interest in a number of questions was already clear, especially in the area of various political and socialist doctrines" H. He was especially interested in the struggle for liberation, starting from the American War of Independence, through the Carbonari, the Italian national liberation movement and its ideologist Mazzini, to the revolutionary concepts of the liberation struggle of the Balkan peoples Serbs, Greeks, Romanians, Bulgarians.

Of course, he was best acquainted with the most recent, the Bulgarian national liberation movement. This was largely a result of his three-year stay in the young Bulgarian state. As a matter of fact, he was later to have contacts with the leader and ideologist of the aforementioned two uprisings Razlovci and KresnaDimitar Pop Georgiev Berovski, [39] having the opportunity of hearing first-hand information on these glorious events in Macedonian history.

He was also very well acquainted with the biographies of Washington, Lafayette, Mazzini, Garibaldi, Kostyushko, Dombrowski, Kossuth, Rakovski, Karavelov, Botev and Levski, which widened his revolutionary vision. Of course, in the overall building of his revolutionary profile. His interest ranged from mathematics and biology to history and philosophy.

He came into contact with a large number of doctrines. He was particularly fond of the ideas of the Russian revolutionary democrats Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Herzen and Pisarev. Kropotkin, Mikhail Bakunin and S. Mikhailovich Kravchinsky-Stepnyak. Macedonian journalist and public figure. Founder of the Siromahomilist movement movement for the protection of the poor in Bulgaria.

A piece of public information m this respect appeared in the Sofia Socialist newspaper October 4,old style :. They may play a revitalizing role, not a damaging one. He was. As a result, he acted as a typical revolutionary democrat and tribune who. It was of an obvious and preeminent significance before all other things. Macedonian revolutionary, journalist and visionary.

Hristo Andonov Poljanski Dojran, — Skopje, Macedonian historiographer. The agens movens in the foundation of MRO was the young Macedonian intelligentsia. Dame Gruev belonged to the group of Macedonian intellectuals that grew up fast thanks, above all, to his painful schooling odyssey in Salonika, Belgrade and Sofia, experiencing most directly the harsh denationalization approach of the Bulgarian and Serbian propaganda machines.

Dame Gruev embraced the idea of the establishment of a revolutionary organization in Macedonia as early as He believed that the emphasis on its liberation component would be the best way of blocking foreign propaganda, especially Serbian. Somewhat later, this Society, although without Dame Gruev, became the meeting-place of the Lozars. The harsh Exarchal centralist and denationalization church and educational policy in Macedonia was largely responsible for the cohesion at the beginning of the last decade of the 19th vnukata na goce delcev biography of Macedonian young people and the middle class.

The following question arose as an imperative of the time:. Are we not going to stand on our feet again one day? Or should we perhaps continue to crawl? The anger of the Exarchate was to be most felt by the Macedonian progressive intelligentsia which was financially dependent on Exarchal donors who had come with money "to create Bulgarians in Macedonia".

Criticizing this shortsighted policy of the Exarchate somewhat later, inPetar Pop Arsov said:. Victim of an assassination. Killed as Bulgarian Minister of Education. Greater-Bulgarian encroachment on the independent development of the Macedonian society. Hence Petar Pop Arsov said:. To the devil with such money; they are not only destroying our communities, but they do not believe us either and appoint all kinds of presidents, clergymen, managers, teachers, etc.

Yes, Bulgarian propaganda! The anti-Exarchist movement in Macedonia brought about a growing revolutionary feeling among Macedonian middle class circles. It imperceptibly grew into a revolutionary movement. Thus, while the former attempts at revolutionary organization ended at best as revolutionary aspirations, at the time when the necessary conditions were created, inthe efforts were crowned with the establishment of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.

The principal merit for its formation goes to Dame Gruev. As a matter of fact, Dame Gruev replaced Nikola Naumov. Prominent Exarchist activist. Liquidated by the Greeks. Dame Gruev, however, was not of the same opinion. He believed that the conditions for the establishment of a revolutionary organization were ripe. Dame Gruev simply felt the pulse of the time; it proved that his persistence was not a vain effort.

There they finally agreed to hold a joint meeting. Mihail Sarafov Bulgarian public figure, politician and diplomat. Andon Dimitrov village of Ajvatovo, Salonika region, - Yet the very fact that the group was constituted confirms the founding character of its first meeting. The second meeting, held in early Januarydealt with the concrete establishment of MRO.

Petar Pop Arsov was then given two assignments:. Once MRO was formed, it made its first steps chiefly as an antipode to the Exarchate and its harsh centralist and denationalization policy in Macedonia. It is very likely that the Adrianople region was not part of the plans of the chief MRO actors at the first two meetings. The only certain thing is that all of them had "the principle of autonomy" in mind.

Vnukata na goce delcev biography: In the name of

The Statute was adopted at one of the subsequent sessions of the six founders of the Organization. MRO Statute contained 14 articles divided into four chapters covering the goal, composition and structure, as well as the financial support and penalties of the Organization. According to Article 1, the goal of the Organization was the attainment of the "full political autonomy of Macedonia and the Adrianople region".

Zaharij Stojanov Bulgarian revolutionary and statesman. Petar Pop Arsov. For the attainment of this goat, according to Article 2, the Organization was bound to awaken "awareness for the self-protection" of the population, to spread among them, in the press or orally, revolutionary ideas and to prepare and incite a general uprising. The organization was based on the centralist principle.

According to the Statute, it consisted of a Central Committee as well as district, subdistrict and village committees Article 5. The conspiratorial character of the Organization was reflected in Article 4 of its Statute:. Each member of the group, as well as the head, shall receive a number given by the responsible committee. Each activist shah know only the members of his group and the head, and the tatter shall know only the director of the committee or the mediator.

In fact the groups were the basic cells of the Organization. A managing body stood at the head of each particular local committee. The managing bodies of the district committees were appointed by the Central Committee CCthose of the subdistrict committees were proposed by the district committees and appointed by the Central Committee, and the village committees were appointed by the subdistrict committees Article 6.

The final Article, 14 of the Statute, set forth the following: "Detailed internal Regulations have been worked out on the basis of this Statute. The first Central Committee was constituted at the same session as that at which the Statute was adopted. The Regulations contained 50 articles grouped into 11 chapters. The Regulations contained the following chapters: I.

Duties of the Heads of Groups; V. Duties of the Worker Members; VI. Correspondence; VII. Secret Police; IX. Penalties; X. Armament, and XI. Financial Means of the Committee. The Central Committee and the managing bodies of the local revolutionary committees were composed of a president, secretary, treasurer and several advisors Article 1. Membership of the Central Committee was by election.

They were to be elected once a year with a majority of votes by the directors of the district committees or their proxies. The duties of the Central Committee members are specified in Article 4. Of special interest is Item 5 of Article 4 which reads as follows:. Hence they made the rank of possible external Macedonian committees equal with that of internal district committees.

District committees made contact with the Central Committee directly, and subdistrict committees indirectly, via the district ones. They were obliged, at the end of each month, to submit a report to the Central Committee on their work and the situation in their territory. The quantity of arms they have and the quantity they need.

Vnukata na goce delcev biography: Goce Delcev was the most important

The quality and activity of the secret police. The organization and activity of the postal service. The financial situation. The spirit of the members and opponents: and. Existing Turkish armed forces: army, zaptiehs, bashibazouks, etc. The groups were the main cells of the Organization, and their heads were the basic guidance staff.

In accordance with Article 13. To forward tasks given by the president or mediator to their subordinates. To notify, once a week, the president or mediator of the position of the groups in all respects: discipline, weapons, etc. To care for and maintain in order the weapons of the fighters. To gather their subordinates regularly once a week with the purpose of instruction, and extraordinarily, whenever it shall be deemed necessary; also to distribute and read revolutionary books, and to strengthen in various ways their revolutionary spirit in general.

To collect monthly fees and voluntary assistance from their subordinates and hand them over to the president or mediator. The reception of new members into the Organization was made conditional on the "recommendation of an older member or the permission of the president" Article The insufficient strength of the Organization was compensated for by a strong conspiratorial cloak.

Thus, in accordance with Article The workers should be sober, honest, reticent and incorruptible; they should not drink nor should they talk to anyone about the revolutionary cause, not excluding the closest friends, closest family members and relatives. They should not have a threatening comportment towards anyone and should systematically avoid anything that may arouse suspicion among the people that they are members of the committee.

Singing of rebellious songs and outbursts of patriotic feelings are forbidden to the workers, not only in front of people undecided as regards the cause, but also in front of comrades in the cause. The Organization attached great importance to discipline. Hence, in accordance with Article 19. The centralist structure of the Organization is also seen in Article The Organization had its own secret police.

In accordance with Article As far as arms were concerned, "each member should be provided with a rifle and also, wherever possible, with a revolver and dagger With regard to finance, the committees were obliged to contribute one-third of the money collected into the treasury of the Central Committee Article The statutory norms established in this way opened good prospects for the powerful structuring of the future organizational network.

The establishment of MRO was a crucial vnukata na goce delcev biography in the more recent history of the Macedonian people. It marked the beginning of a new, highly significant period in the painful past of Macedonia. The Macedonian Revolutionary Organization became an avant-garde force of the Macedonian national liberation movement, which entered a new, higher stage of development.

Therefore the establishment of MRO was a historic turning point for the Macedonian people. At the outset the spread of MRO took place gradually, cautiously and slowly, but safely and with no disturbances. The revolutionary centre of the young MRO was located in Salonika, the city from which its revolutionary ideas spread radially.

The Resen Conference August At first glance, the Resen Conference may seem to have been of a regional character, but its decisions exceeded the regional framework and applied to MRO as a whole. It included two sub-stages. Is there a people more unlucky than the Macedonians? And is there a broader field for work other than Macedonia? He was a strict and just teacher.

In the evening and Sunday schools, together with his colleagues Gruev, Deliivanov, etc. Dame Gruev was impressed:. He was, in his first attempts at becoming a member, even too open, so we had to restrain him to prevent him giving away our weaknesses, the weaknesses of the Organization. He always tended to tell the truth, believing that everyone should adopt the idea in the way he had adopted it.

He was very nimble. In Veles they exchanged views with Petar Pop Arsov. Seriously ill, he committed suicide. Joined MRO in April Dame Gruev points out the following, among other things, in connection with this mission:. They returned utterly disappointed: the work there was in a slumber. The appearance of the organized Macedonian national liberation movement on the historical scene had strong repercussions in the circles of the Bulgarian bourgeoisie.

They hoped that this would be the easiest way to succeed in turning the course of events in their own favour. Immediately after the foundation of the Macedonian Committee in Sofia, the Central Committee of MRO came out against any parallel authority in the Macedonian liberation cause. It is known that around July 10,Dame Gruev. Their talk concentrated on mutual assistance in the future.

The damage to the Internal Organization caused by these thoughtless activities of the Sofia Vrhovist Committee was extensive. There was hesitation in the minds of our followers. The leaders of the Internal Organization were shaken. Measures had to be devised in order to put an end to that abnormal situation" A. Died of a heart attack. Andon Dimitrov.

In this regard, the position of MRO was quite clear. The Salonika Conference, held primarily as a result of the interference of the Sofia Macedonian Committee in Macedonian internal matters, undoubtedly speeded up the decision of MRO Central Committee to put an end to outside interference. Hence the Vrhovists attempted to move Dame Gruev away from Salonika.

During the summer holidaysin the course of his second tour of the Salonika. He also points to the means by which that objective can be attained: an internal uprising" K. Efrem Karanov Kratovo,Macedonian educator and public figure. He clearly pointed out:. Further on, he stresses:.

Vnukata na goce delcev biography: Vnukata na Goce Delcev/ Внуката на

He appeals:. Hope was still not lost. He secured the links and routes, he appointed responsible people for the centres and organized methods of traffic and communication with the interior. Nikola Zografov, citizen of Veles. Danail Nikolaev Bulgarian general. President of VMK. Later adjutant to Ferdinand. General Danail Nikolaev. Vrhovist verbal aggressiveness, which increased after the arrival of Genera!

At the same time Vrhovist actions aimed at dismantling MRO continued. Hence, as early as the first months of Vrhovism. MRO Central Committee decided to combat strongly any outside interference coming from the Bulgarian capital. It was necessary to use diplomatic tactics. The firs! The original correspondence is inaccessible to us as the Bulgarian archives are still closed.

Apart from correspondence, personal contacts were not neglected cither. We cannot play politics, nor can we allow others to play politics with Macedonia. Our struggle, it is a question of life or death for us. We will not allow others to decide whether we should live or die, and when. The people will decide when an uprising will start. We will not let you give us orders from here and throw us, as you tried to last year, into an uprising adventure But please bear this in mind, we are not seeking patrons, even less masters!

Anton Bozukov, Bulgarian officer and Vrhovist. Boris Sarafov. Yet the main reasons for the convocation of the Congress were deeper. It is known that during the first stage of the development of the Organization it established a basic network in Macedonia. It recruited mainly craftsmen and lower middle class people as well as the educational intelligentsia.

In this period MRO had the character of an urban organization. At this stage, MRO came face to face with numerous problems which hampered its speedier development. Indeed, the two conferences — the Resen Conference and the Salonika Conference — instilled some vigour, but did not remove the main obstacle preventing the achievement of a broader, mass character for the Macedonian liberation movement.

On the other hand, MRO found itself confronted with numerous enemies. In addition to the members of the Central Committee, the leaders of the Organization from the more important centres were present at the Congress. Velko Dumev Voden, -Macedonian revolutionary. The Congress adopted major, essential changes in the conceptual and ideological platform of MRO, which now acquired elements of an international character.

This was not only a turning point for the further development of the Macedonian national liberation movement, but an event which made MRO one of the leading and most progressive organizations among the liberation movements in the world. The changes on the organizational plane made at the Congress were fairly small. The Organization was divided in a new manner.

Salonika, II. Bitola, III. Skopje, IV.