Warder clyde allee biography examples

Allee worked as an Assistant in Zoology from to Upon retirement inhe moved to the University of Florida at Gainesville, where he was Head Professor of Biology until his death in March Allee was a principal figure in the establishment of ecology as an independent biological subscience. His own work centered on experimental studies of animal aggregations, and the phenomena of subordinance-dominance relationships and cooperation.

Allee was interested in applying his work on animal sociology to human conditions, particularly his findings that many species of both lower and higher forms exhibit cooperative tendencies, that individuals in groups have a higher survival rate than those living alone, and that conscious and unconscious cooperative tendencies counterbalance the "peck orders" established by aggression.

A spinal tumor caused paralysis which caused Allee to be confined to a wheelchair after He nevertheless maintained a full schedule of teaching, research and writing. Allee continued to spend summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, and served as a trustee from to Having been on the editorial board of Physiological Zoology, a journal published by the University of Chicago Press, since its founding inAllee took over as managing editor in and remained in that position until his death.

He also chaired the Committee on the Ecology of Animal Populations of the National Research Council which was established in to solicit and administer funds for research projects in the field. Schmidtand Cooperation among Animals, with Human Implications From the guide to the Allee, Warder Clyde. SNAC is a discovery service for persons, families, and organizations found within archival collections at cultural heritage institutions.

The Andrew W. Toggle navigation snac. Raised as a Quaker, Allee publicly renounced war, which made him a target of harsh criticism and persecution. In the s, Allee argued that his research on the social behaviors of animals provided clear evidence against a biological basis for war. Specifically, he believed that his theory on the sociality of organisms based on cooperation among individuals proved that war was not a natural occurrence.

According to Gregg Mitman, Allee saw ecologists as "social healers" who were able to provide a naturalistic foundation for ethics through their research. A spinal tumor caused paralysis, and Allee used a wheelchair after He nevertheless maintained a full schedule of teaching, research and writing. Allee continued to spend summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, and served as a trustee from to Having been on the editorial board of Physiological Zoology, a journal published by the University of Chicago Presssince its founding inAllee took over as managing editor in and remained in that position until his death.

He also chaired the Committee on the Ecology of Animal Populations of the National Research Council which was established in to solicit and administer funds for research projects in the field. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Schmidtand Cooperation among Animals, with Human Implications Many biologists and historians believe that Allee's reputation was diminished by the work of another ecologist, George C.

Williams's work, Adaptation and Natural Selectionrefutes Allee's research on group cooperation by stressing the importance of individual selection and providing samples that invalidated the idea of group selection.

Warder clyde allee biography examples: He was made professor of zoology

However, the research and legacy of Allee is still recognized and discussed today as many scientists remain interested in the principles behind the Allee effect. Inthe Animal Behavior Society began to offer the W. Allee Award for the best presentation of an ethological work of research by a student in a juried competition held at their annual meeting.

Allee died in Gainesville, Floridaaged 69, ina widower. He was survived by his two daughters. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects.

Warder clyde allee biography examples: Warder Clyde "W.C." Allee (June 5,

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Warder clyde allee biography examples: Warder Clyde Allee was a

Warden, Jack — Warden v. Hayden U. This perspective on social behavior was later widely abandoned by evolutionary biologists, particularly during the late s and s. Social Implications and Legacy. Throughout his career Allee emphasized the implications of biology for understanding human social behavior. His studies of animal aggregations and the evolution of cooperation meshed neatly with his social activism and his political and religious opposition to war.

Raised as a Quaker, Allee remained a strict pacifist throughout his life. His renunciation of war and vocal support for conscientious objectors during World War I made him a target of criticism and some public persecution. During the s Allee argued that his behavioral research provided evidence against a biological basis for war and strongly supported a theory of sociality based upon cooperation among individuals.

Mitman argues that after World War IIthis idea of ecologists as social healers was swept aside by Eugene Odum and other ecosystem ecologists who embraced an engineering perspective and were more interested in environmental issues than social ones.

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Despite their striking differences in perspective, Odum agreed with Allee about the importance of group selection and the evolutionary prevalence of cooperation even among very simple organisms. In this highly influential work Williams championed individual selection and effectively discredited purported examples of group selection. As a result, Allee left a somewhat contradictory legacy.

But although Allee viewed aggregations as an example of unconscious cooperation leading to group adaptation, most ecologists in the early twenty-first century explain them in terms of individual fitness. Ironically, Elliot Sober, David Sloan Wilson, and other evolutionary theorists who have attempted to revive interest in group selection strongly disassociate their ideas from what they characterize as naive group selection arguments used by Allee.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, The Social Life of Animals. New York : Norton, With Alfred E. Emerson, Orlando Park, Thomas Park, et al. Principles of Animal Ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders, Cooperation among Animals, with Human Implications. New York : Schuman, Banks, Edwin M. Mitman, Gregg. Sober, Elliot, and David Sloan Wilson.

Stephens, Philip A. Sutherland, and Robert P. Williams, George C. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 10, Retrieved January 10, from Encyclopedia.